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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1366605

ABSTRACT

Cerebellar atrophy is a rare and challenging disease with few descriptions in the medical literature. Motor impairment is mild, but behavioral and linguistic alterations stand out, in what is known as the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome secondary to cerebellar atrophy. We report the case of an older woman with early-onset (age 45) signs and symptoms of this syndrome, including impairment of executive functions and visuospatial cognition, personality changes, and language deficits, who was followed at a geriatric medical center for 14 years. Neuropsychological, imaging, and behavioral aspects during this period are discussed in light of scientific evidence. This case report contributes to the scientific literature by describing the progression of the signs and symptoms of cerebellar atrophy over the years, which can help guide medical management and support advice for patients and their families.


A atrofia cerebelar é uma doença rara, desafiadora e com poucas descrições na literatura médica. O prejuízo motor é discreto, mas as alterações comportamentais e de linguagem se destacam, caracterizando a síndrome cognitivo-afetiva cerebelar secundária à atrofia cerebelar. Apresentamos o relato de caso de uma paciente idosa, que apresentou sinais e sintomas dessa síndrome precocemente (aos 45 anos de idade) ­ tais como déficits na função executiva, prejuízo visuoespacial, alterações de personalidade e déficits de linguagem ­ e foi acompanhada em um centro médico geriátrico por um período de 14 anos. Aspectos neuropsicológicos, de imagem e comportamentais durante esse período são comentados à luz das evidências científicas. O caso relatado contribui com a literatura científica ao descrever a evolução dos sinais e sintomas da atrofia cerebelar ao longo dos anos, balizando as condutas médicas e amparando as orientações ao paciente e seus familiares.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Cerebellar Diseases/complications , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Syndrome , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Cerebellar Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Follow-Up Studies
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 77(7): 521-524, July 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011368

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis have been known since the original clinicopathological description by Charcot in the late nineteenth century. Charcot, in the last decades of his life, became involved in the field of neuropsychiatry. This produced a battle between rival schools in the era that still echoes to this day. Charcot's intuition, including the line of thought of Babinski, one of his most famous disciples, was that there was a connection between mood disorders and many of the diseases of the nervous system. Medicine's concern with establishing a relationship between mood disorders and disease stems from the ancient and middle ages with references found in the Hippocratic doctrine. However, it was only in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth century, with Charcot's discoveries, that this discussion was established in a structured way, laying the foundations of neuropsychiatry.


RESUMO Os distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos na esclerose múltipla são conhecidos desde a descrição clínico-patológica original de Charcot no final do século XIX. Charcot nas últimas décadas de sua vida se envolveu no campo da neuropsiquiatria. Isso produziu uma batalha de escolas rivais na época que ainda ecoa até hoje. A intuição de Charcot, incluindo a linha de pensamento de Babinski, um de seus discípulos mais famosos, foi a teoria correta da conexão entre os transtornos do humor e muitas das doenças do sistema nervoso. A preocupação da Medicina em estabelecer uma relação entre transtornos do humor e doenças vem das idades antiga e média, com referências encontradas na doutrina hipocrática. No entanto, foi apenas na segunda metade do século XIX e início do século XX que, com as descobertas de Charcot essa discussão foi realizada de maneira estruturada, estabelecendo os fundamentos da neuropsiquiatria.


Subject(s)
Humans , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychiatry/history , Multiple Sclerosis/history , Neurology/history , Mood Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/history , Malaria/history , Malaria/therapy , Multiple Sclerosis/complications
4.
Adv Rheumatol ; 59: 45, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1088615

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 is a generic instrument to assess disability. Pain and psychological factors seem to play a pronounced disabling role in fibromyalgia (FM). There are few studies that investigate the factors associated with disability in patients with fibromyalgia from the patient's perspective. Information about FM disability using self-reported questionnaires is limited. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the ordinal response variable (degree of disability), and four explanatory variables: pain intensity, depression, anxiety, and alexithymia. Methods: One hundred fifteen women with FM were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. For the assessment of disability the WHODAS 2.0 (36-item version) was used. Univariate and multivariate (ordinal logistic regression) analyses were performed to assess the relationship between pain (Visual Analogue Scale), depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), alexithymia (Modified Toronto Alexithymia Scale) and disability. Results: Disability was detected by global WHODAS score in 114 patients (99%), with the corresponding percentages for mild, moderate and severe disability being 11.3, 46.96 and 40.87%, respectively. Global WHODAS score was more severe among subjects with depression (50 vs 36.4, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.33) and alexithymia (50 vs 33.6, p < 0.001, effect size = 0.38). Pain intensity mean scores for mild, moderate and severe disability were 5.0, 6.1 and 7.3, respectively (p < 0.001, omega-squared = 0.12). Pain intensity explained the global disability degree and its domains except for the cognitive one. Whereas, depression explained cognitive and personal relation domains. On the other hand, alexithymia explained global disability degree and all domains of WHODAS 2.0 questionnaire. Conclusions: Most of the patients with fibromyalgia perceived themselves with moderate to severe disability. The main explanatory variables of the perceived disability were the pain intensity and psychological factors (alexithymia and depression).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Fibromyalgia/physiopathology , Chronic Pain/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies/instrumentation , Mood Disorders/etiology , Affective Symptoms/etiology , Disability Evaluation
5.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 52(3): 29-33, jul.-set. 2016. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-2614

ABSTRACT

O schwanoma vestibular é uma neoplasia que se origina das células de Schwann da porção vestibular do VIII nervo craniano e que corres- ponde a cerca de 10% dos tumores intracranianos e a 80% a 90% daqueles localizados no ângulo pontocerebelar. Apesar do crescimento lento e evolução em geral benigna, estes tumores podem evoluir de maneira desfavorável devido à localização em compartimento anatômico relativamente reduzido no crânio (fossa posterior), o que pode levar a compressão de estruturas nobres (como o tronco encefálico) e a desenvolvimento de hidrocefalia obstrutiva, especialmente nos raros casos de schawanomas gigantes (> 40 mm). Apresentamos relato de caso de paciente com quadro de tinnitus e hipoacusia à esquerda que evoluiu de forma subaguda com alterações do humor, da cognição e da marcha cujo diagnóstico final foi de schwanoma gigante do VIII nervo craniano.


Vestibular schwannoma is a Schwann cells neoplasia of the vestibular branch of the VIII cranial nerve and it accounts for 10% of intracranial tumours and to 80%-90% of those located at the cerebellopontine angle. Despite slow growth and usual benign evolution, unfavourable outcomes may occur, especially in the rare cases of giant schwanno- mas (> 40mm). Owing the fact that this tumours are located in a relatively narrow space (posterior fossa), giant schwannomas may compress noble areas (as the brainstem), which can also cause obstructive hydrocephalus. We discuss a case report of a 48 years old woman complaining of left-sided hearing loss and tinnitus that developed a subacute cognitive impairment, mood disorder and gait disturbance, diagnosed with giant schwannoma of the VIII nerve.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Neuroma, Acoustic/surgery , Neuroma, Acoustic/complications , Neuroma, Acoustic/diagnosis , Cranial Nerve Neoplasms/diagnosis , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Disease Progression , Mood Disorders/etiology , Hearing Loss/etiology
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(6): 439-444, June 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-784186

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We intended to evaluate whether non-demented Parkinsons’s disease (PD) patients, with or without subjective cognitive complaint, demonstrate differences between them and in comparison to controls concerning cognitive performance and mood. We evaluated 77 subjects between 30 and 70 years, divided as follows: PD without cognitive complaints (n = 31), PD with cognitive complaints (n = 21) and controls (n = 25). We applied the following tests: SCOPA-Cog, Trail Making Test-B, Phonemic Fluency, Clock Drawing Test, Boston Naming Test, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Beck Depression Inventory. PD without complaints presented lower total score on Scales for outcome of Parkinson’s disease-cognition as compared to controls (p = 0.048). PD with complaints group showed higher scores on HADS (p = 0.011). PD without complaints group showed poorer cognitive performance compared to controls, but was similar to the PD with complaints group. Moreover, this group was different from the PD without complaints and control groups concerning mood.


RESUMO Avaliar se pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP) sem demência, com ou sem queixa cognitiva subjetiva, demonstram diferenças entre eles e comparativamente aos controles relativos a desempenho cognitivo e humor. Avaliados 77 indivíduos entre 30 e 70 anos: PD sem queixas cognitivas (n = 31), PD com queixas cognitivas (n = 21) e controles (n = 25). Testes aplicados: SCOPA-cognição, Trail Making Test-B, Fluência Fonêmica, Teste do Relógio, Teste Nominativo de Boston, Inventário Neuropsiquiátrico, Escala Hospitalar de Depressão e Ansiedade (HADS)e Inventário de Depressão de Beck. PD sem queixas apresentaram menor pontuação total na SCOPA-cognição, comparativamente aos controles (p = 0,048). Por outro lado, PD com queixas apresentaram maior pontuação no HADS (p = 0,011) em comparação aos controles. O grupo PD sem queixas mostrou pior desempenho cognitivo em comparação aos controles, mas foi semelhante ao PD com queixas. Este grupo foi diferente dos grupos PD sem queixas e controle em relação ao humor.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Parkinson Disease/complications , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Agnosia/etiology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Case-Control Studies , Educational Status , Neuropsychological Tests
7.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(4): 615-617, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-770482

ABSTRACT

When the frontal lobe of the brain is affected important behavioral changes may occur mainly at the level of executive functioning, i.e., planning, decision-making, judgment and self-perception. However, the behavioral changes may be of different nature with marked indifference and apathy. We report a clinical case of an 81-year-old patient with sudden onset of behavioral changes that were initially interpreted as an acute confusional episode of infectious etiology, but actually they were due to an ischemic lesion in the frontal lobe.


O lobo frontal, quando afetado, pode provocar alterações importantes do comportamento, principalmente na função executiva: planejamento, tomada de decisões, juízo e autopercepção. Contudo, as alterações podem ser de outra natureza, caracterizando-se por marcada indiferença e apatia. É relatado aqui o caso de uma paciente de 81 anos, com alterações súbitas do comportamento, que foram interpretadas inicialmente como um quadro confusional agudo de natureza infecciosa, mas que se mostraram provocadas por uma lesão isquêmica na região frontal.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Brain Ischemia/complications , Frontal Lobe/blood supply , Late Onset Disorders/etiology , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Brain Ischemia , Confusion/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Syndrome
8.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 51(3): 62-68, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-763860

ABSTRACT

Chronic insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in adults andits diagnosis is fundamental for adequate clinical management. The aim of this paper is to present recently published definitions of insomnia according to current international classifications, such as the International Classification of Sleep Disorders - Third Edition and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fifth Edition. For the first time, these classifications are congruent related to thei rdiagnostic criteria; both present insomnia as a distinct disorder and divide it into acute, chronic and other. This emphasizes the necessityof a specific insomnia approach. Furthermore, it is necessary torecognize those insomniacs with physiological hyperarousal, whichmay be identified by objective measures (short total sleep time, forinstance). These patients may have poorer outcome, as they are athigher risk of developing cardiometabolic conditions and neurocognitive impairment. Diagnosis is primarily made on a clinical basis (anamnesis and physical examination), while sleep diaries and questionnaires (such as Insomnia Severity Index) can help evaluate these patients. Objective measures, such as polysomnography, arenot required in most cases, except when suspicion of another sleep disorder arises.


A insônia crônica é o transtorno do sono mais comum em adultos,e seu diagnóstico é fundamental para o manejo clínico adequado.O principal objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar, em relação à insônia,as definições publicadas recentemente segundo as novas classificações internacionais, como a Classificação Internacional de Distúrbios do Sono - Terceira Edição e o Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais - Quinta Edição. Pela primeira vez, essas classificações são congruentes a respeito de seus critérios diagnósticos,pois ambas apresentam a insônia como uma doença em si ea dividem em aguda, crônica e outras. Isso enfatiza a necessidade de uma abordagem específica da insônia. Além do mais, é necessário reconhecer os insones com estado fisiológico de hiper alerta que podem ser identificados por medidas objetivas (tempo total de sono curto, por exemplo). Esses pacientes podem ter pior prognóstico, por causa do maior risco de desenvolver condições cardiometabólicas e comprometimento neurocognitivo. O diagnóstico da insônia é feito principalmente com base em dados clínicos (anamnese e exame físico),e o uso de diário de sono e questionários (tais como o Índice de Gravidade de Insônia) pode ajudar na avaliação desses pacientes.Análises objetivas, como aquelas obtidas pela polissonografia, não são rotineiramente necessárias na maioria dos casos, exceto quando há a suspeita de outro distúrbio do sono.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/complications , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/diagnosis , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Mood Disorders/etiology , Fatigue/etiology , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/classification , Memory
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(1): 7-11, 01/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732212

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and mood state in individuals with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Method Individuals with TLE (n = 20) and healthy control subjects (C, n = 20) were evaluated. Self-rating questionnaires were used to assess mood (POMS) and habitual physical activity (BAECKE). Cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated by a maximal incremental test. Results People with TLE presented lower cardiorespiratory fitness; higher levels of mood disorders; and lower levels of vigor when compared to control health subjects. A significant negative correlation was observed between the levels of tension-anxiety and maximal aerobic power. Conclusion Low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness may modify the health status of individuals with TLE and it may be considered a risk factor for the development of mood disorders. .


Objetivo Investigar a correlação entre aptidão cardiorrespiratória e variáveis de estado de humor em indivíduos com epilepsia do lobo temporal (ELT). Método Indivíduos com ELT (n = 20) e controles saudáveis (C, n = 20) foram avaliados. Administraram-se questionários para avaliar o estado de humor (POMS) e nível de atividade física habitual (BAECKE). Avaliou-se a aptidão cardiorrespiratória por teste incremental máximo. Resultados Pessoas com ELT apresentaram menor aptidão cardiorrespiratória; elevados níveis de transtornos do humor; e menor nível de vigor, quando comparadas ao grupo C. Observou-se correlação negativa significativa entre os níveis de tensão-ansiedade e a potência aeróbica máxima. Conclusão O baixo nível de aptidão cardiorrespiratória pode modificar o estado de saúde de indivíduos com ELT e pode ser considerado fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de transtornos de humor. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Exercise Test , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/complications , Mood Disorders/etiology , Oxygen Consumption/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires
10.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; 19(9): 3941-3946, set. 2014. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-720586

ABSTRACT

Transtornos de humor são consequentes de uma interação entre fatores biológicos e ambientais. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar associações entre eventos vitais estressores e transtornos de humor em uma amostra comunitária de jovens do Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional com jovens de 18 a 24 anos. A seleção da amostra foi realizada por conglomerados. Os episódios de alteração do humor foram avaliados através da Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview , enquanto os eventos vitais estressores foram mensurados através da escala de reajustamento social de Holmes e Rahe. A amostra foi de 1172 jovens. A proporção de eventos vitais estressores no último ano, em cada categoria, no total da amostra, foi de: 53,8% trabalho, 42,4% perda de suporte social, 63,8% família, 50,9% mudanças ambientais, 61,1% dificuldades pessoais e 38,7% finanças. Houve associação significativa entre eventos vitais estressores e episódios de alteração de humor. Foi verificada maior ocorrência de eventos vitais estressores entre os jovens em episódio misto, quando comparados aos jovens em episódio depressivo, (hipo) maníaco e controles. Esses achados sugerem uma interação psicossocial entre eventos vitais estressores e os episódios de alteração de humor.


Mood disorders are a consequence of the interaction between environmental and biological factors. The objective of this study was to identify associations between stressful life events (LEs) and mood disorders in a community sample of young people in southern Brazil. It is a cross-sectional population-based study on young people between 18 and 24 years of age. The selection of the sample was conducted via conglomerates. Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interviews were used to evaluate mood disorders, and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale to assess stressful life events. The sample included 1172 young people. Of the total sample, the proportion of stressful life events in the last year in each category was: 53.8% work, 42.4% loss of social support, 63.8% family, 50.9% environmental changes, 61.1% personal difficulties, and 38.7% finances. A significant relationship was found between categories of stressful life events and mood disorder episodes. A higher incidence of stressful life events was found among young people in a mixed episode compared to young people in a depressive, (hypo)maniac episode with controls. This finding suggests a psychosocial interaction between stressful life events and the occurrence of mood disorders.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Life Change Events , Mood Disorders/etiology , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Residence Characteristics
12.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691407

ABSTRACT

Mood disorders are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, yet their underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. Animal models serve as a powerful tool for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders; however, no animal model developed to date can fully mimic the “corresponding” human psychiatric disorder. In this scenario, the development of different animal models contributes to our understanding of the neurobiology of these disorders and provides the possibility of preclinical pharmacologic screening. The present review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of traditional and recent animal models, recapitulating different features and the possible pathologic mechanisms of mood disorders emulated by these models.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Rats , Bipolar Disorder/physiopathology , Depressive Disorder/physiopathology , Disease Models, Animal , Mood Disorders/physiopathology , Animals, Laboratory , Bipolar Disorder/etiology , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 45(9): 856-861, Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646335

ABSTRACT

The objective of the present study was to evaluate memory performance in tasks with and without affective content (to confirm the mood congruency phenomenon) in acutely admitted patients with bipolar I disorder (BD) and major depression disorder (MDD) and in healthy participants. Seventy-eight participants (24 BD, 29 MDD, and 25 healthy controls) were evaluated. Three word lists were used as the memory task with affective content (positive, negative and indifferent). Psychiatric symptoms were also evaluated with rating scales (Young Mania Rating Scale for mania and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale for depression). Patients were selected during the first week of hospitalization. BD patients showed higher scores in the word span with positive tone than MDD patients and healthy controls (P = 0.002). No other difference was observed for tests with affective tone. MDD patients presented significantly lower scores in the Mini-Mental State Exam, logical memory test, visual recognition span, and digit span, while BD patients presented lower scores in the visual recognition test and digit span. Mood congruency effect was found for word span with positive tone among BD patients but no similar effect was observed among MDD patients for negative items. MDD patients presented more memory impairment than BD patients, but BD patients also showed memory impairment.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Bipolar Disorder/complications , Depressive Disorder, Major/complications , Memory Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Educational Status , Memory Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
14.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 87(5): 373-381, set.-out. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604427

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Revisar aspectos epidemiológicos e etiológicos do diagnóstico e tratamento dos transtornos do humor em crianças e adolescentes, com foco em conteúdos essenciais para médicos pediatras. FONTES DOS DADOS: Revisão da literatura no banco de dados da MEDLINE. Utilização das recomendações da quarta edição do texto revisado do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais da Associação Americana de Psiquiatria. Análise crítica dos atuais critérios diagnósticos e teorias científicas sobre etiologia dos transtornos do humor. SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Foram identificadas opiniões discordantes e congruentes sobre a efetividade de se utilizar os mesmos critérios atualmente listados no Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais para diagnóstico de transtornos do humor em adultos, adolescentes e crianças. Embora esse tópico tenha sido muito debatido na literatura dos últimos 10 anos, a percepção é de que uma porcentagem significativa de casos continuam sendo subdiagnosticados devido à utilização dos mesmos critérios independente da faixa etária. Os diversos estudos epidemiológicos realizados na população infantil fundamentam-se nesses critérios para cálculos de prevalência, o que tornam duvidosos os números atualmente publicados. Embora a neurociência tenha alcançado grandes avanços no conhecimento dessas patologias, ainda é necessário um melhor entendimento sobre como os fatores genéticos e ambientais interagem e influenciam a origem, gravidade e resposta ao tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Os transtornos do humor são patologias de alta prevalência na infância e adolescência, com grande impacto na vida dos portadores no longo prazo. Constatamos a necessidade de aprimorar os critérios diagnósticos, adequando-os à população infantil, com objetivo de facilitar ao clínico, particularmente ao pediatra, diagnóstico e intervenção precoce. Avanços na área de epigenética podem colaborar para o desenvolvimento de outras abordagens preventivas, diagnósticas e terapêuticas.


OBJECTIVES: To review epidemiological and etiologic aspects of diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders (MDs) in children and adolescents, with a focus on essential information for pediatricians. SOURCES: A literature search on MEDLINE, a review of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR), and a critical analysis of current diagnostic criteria and scientific evidence regarding the etiology of mood disorders were performed. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS: We identified diverging opinions for and against the proposition of using the same criteria used for adults, as listed in the DSM-IV-TR, for diagnosing mood disorders in children and adolescents. Although there has been much debate in the literature on this topic in the last decade, there remains a concern that there may be a significant under-diagnosis of cases due to differing methods. Several epidemiological studies conducted in pediatric populations using different criteria and methods make it difficult to interpret the data currently published. Although the field of neurosciences has achieved major advances in understanding these pathologies, additional investigations are needed to gain a clearer picture of how genetic and environmental factors interact and influence the origin and severity of the disease and the patient’s response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: MDs have a high prevalence in childhood and adolescence and have major long-term impacts on sufferer’s lives. There is a need to improve diagnostic criteria, adapting them for the pediatric population, with the objective of making it simpler for clinicians, particularly pediatricians, to make diagnoses and initiate early intervention. Advances in the area of epigenetics may aid in the development of new preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Mood Disorders , Pediatrics/education , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Early Diagnosis , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/therapy
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(2): 224-227, Apr. 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545919

ABSTRACT

Phobic postural vertigo (PPV) is a frequent diagnosis which can be challenging to treat. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of psychiatric disturbances in patients with PPV; to assess the psychological status of patients using adaptive diagnosis; to verify possible correlations between severity of psychiatric disturbance and adaptive efficacy. METHOD: A total of nineteen subjects were assessed and two instruments applied: the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders Questionnaire (PRIME-MD) and the Adaptive Operationalized Diagnostic Scale (AODS), and results from both tests were compared. RESULTS: Fourteen patients presented with mood disorder and thirteen with anxiety. All patients presented compromised adaptive efficacy. Correlation was found between overall outcome on the PRIME and the AODS (tau= -0.42, p=0.027), Separate analysis revealed correlation between results of the AODS and anxiety disorders (tau= -0.45, p=0.018) but not with mood disorders (tau= -0.36, p=0.054). CONCLUSION: Adaptive compromise was observed in individuals with PPV which was shown to be associated to psychiatric disorders.


A vertigem postural fóbica (VPF) é um diagnóstico freqüente e de tratamento difícil. OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença de distúrbios psiquiátricos em pacientes com VPF; avaliar as condições psicológicas dos pacientes através do diagnóstico adaptativo. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 19 sujeitos e aplicados dois instrumentos de avaliação: Questionário Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD) e Escala Diagnóstica Adaptativa Operacionalizada (EDAO) e comparados os resultados de ambos os testes. RESULTADOS: Quatorze pacientes apresentaram transtorno de humor e treze de ansiedade. Todos os pacientes foram avaliados com adaptação ineficaz. Houve correlação entre o resultado geral do PRIME e da EDAO (tau= -0,42, p=0,027). Ao se analisar de maneira separada, foi observada correlação entre os resultados da EDAO e os transtornos de ansiedade (tau= -0,45, p=0,018), não havendo correlação com os transtornos de humor (tau= -0,36, p=0,054). CONCLUSÃO: Há prejuízo na qualidade adaptativa das pessoas que sofrem de VPF e este prejuízo está associado a transtornos psiquiátricos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Mood Disorders/psychology , Postural Balance , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Vertigo/psychology , Adaptation, Physiological , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Vertigo/complications , Young Adult
16.
Rev. venez. oncol ; 21(4): 244-252, oct.-dic. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-571104

ABSTRACT

Existe evidencia que el sistema inmune puede modular tanto los neurotransmisores a nivel central como la respuesta endocrina, interrelación que explicaría los síntomas de la depresión. Se analizaron una serie de investigaciones que relacionaban la depresión y función inmune predominando hallazgos heterogéneos. Se ha descrito un patrón de citoquinas similar al del cáncer, como posible perfil depresivo carcinógeno de las citoquinas. Por otro lado, existe una hiperfunción del eje hipotálamo, hipófisis suprarrenal con alteración de la retroalimentación negativa. A pesar de estos avances, existe controversia acerca de la relación causal entre el estado pro inflamatorio y las alteraciones conductuales de la depresión, necesitándose esclarecer si los cambios inmunológicos son directamente responsables de la alteración de los neurotransmisores a nivel central. Se reportó cómo diversos antidepresivos modifican la hiperactividad del eje y modifican la inmunidad humoral y celular, abriendo la posibilidad de modular la respuesta inmune a través de estos fármacos.


There is evidence that immune system modulates neurotransmitters at central level as well as the endocrine response, interrelation that would explain the depression symptoms. A series of investigations that related the depression and immune function was analyzed, predominating heterogeneous findings. A pattern of cytokines has been described as similar as the one of cancer, suggesting a depressive carcinogenic cytokines profile. On the other hand, a hyperfuntion of the hypothalamus, hypofisis adrenal axis, with alteration of the negative feedback exists in these patients. Despite of these advances, controversy about the causal relationship between the pro inflammatory state and the behavior alterations of depression exists, being needed to clarify if the immunological changes are directly responsible for the neurotransmitters alteration at central level. It was reported how diverse antidepressants modify the hyperactivity of axis and modify the humoral and cellular immunity, opening the possibility of modulating the immune response through these drugs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Carcinogens/analysis , Depression/immunology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/anatomy & histology , Immune System/physiopathology , Endocrinology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Medical Oncology , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/analysis , Mood Disorders/etiology
18.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 13(1): 5-8, Feb. 2009. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517807

ABSTRACT

Viral infections and chronic diseases have been associated with psychiatric disorders. Among these, increased depression has been reported in HTLV-1 patients. However, no studies on the prevalence of other mental disturbances have been carried out in these patients. Salvador is the city with the highest rate of infection with HTLV-1 in Brazil and it is estimated that approximately 40,000 inhabitants are infected. In our cross sectional study, we examined the frequency of mental disturbances in 50 HTLV-1 seropositive patients followed at the Centro Integrativo e Multidisciplinar de HTLV e Hepatites Virais (CHTLV) of the Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Pública (EBMSP) in Salvador from January to November 2007. We used a questionnaire to collect clinical-epidemiologic data and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Brazilian Version 5.0.0 (M.I.N.I.) to evaluate the psychiatric disorders. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used for the analyses. Twenty-one (42 percent) HTLV-1 patients had a psychiatric co-morbidity; 17(34 percent) had mood disorders, 11 (22 percent) were anxious and one (2 percent) was an alcoholic. We found a high frequency of mental disturbances among HTLV-1 infected individuals, suggesting a possible association of this infection with psychiatric diseases.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , HTLV-I Infections/psychology , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Interview, Psychological , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/etiology , Prevalence , Surveys and Questionnaires
19.
J. bras. psiquiatr ; 58(2): 101-106, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-523069

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Têm sido relatadas alterações negativas no estado de humor em algumas mulheres durante o ciclo menstrual, sobretudo naquelas que apresentam síndrome pré-menstrual (SPM). No entanto, existe uma lacuna na literatura a respeito das alterações no estado de humor durante o ciclo menstrual em atletas com SPM. OBJETIVO: Investigar o impacto da SPM no estado de humor de atletas ao longo do ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: Fizeram parte da amostra 57 atletas de diferentes esportes, de uma cidade do noroeste do Paraná. Utilizou-se um diário de sintomas, baseado nos critérios do American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist (ACOG), 2000, e o questionário Profile of Mood States (POMS). As atletas utilizaram o diário e responderam ao questionário ao longo de dois ciclos menstruais. Para análise dos dados foram usados os testes de Shapiro Wilk, de Friedman, de Wilcoxon e o teste U de Mann-Whitney, adotando-se P < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que apenas atletas com SPM apresentaram aumento na alteração total de humor da última semana para o último dia, sendo a diferença significativa no primeiro ciclo menstrual (p = 0,019). CONCLUSÃO: A presença de SPM pode afetar o estado de humor de atletas, gerando alterações negativas no período pré-menstrual, especialmente no último dia antes da menstruação.


INTRODUCTION: Negative alterations in mood states have been related to some women through the menstrual cycle, mainly on those who show premenstrual syndrome (PMS). However, there is a gap in the literature about the alterations in the mood states during the menstrual cycle in athletes with PMS. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the impact of PMS in the mood state of athletes through the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Were part of the sample 57 athletes from different sports, from a northeast city of Paraná. As instruments were used a Symptoms Dairy, based on the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist criteria (ACOG), 2000, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The athletes answered the instruments through two menstrual cycles. For the data analysis were used the Shapiro-Wilk test, Friedman test, Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test, adopting P < 0,05. RESULTS: It was verified that only athletes with PMS showed a raise in total humor alteration from the last week to the last day, with a significant difference on the 1º menstrual cycle (p = 0,019). CONCLUSION: The presence of PMS can affect the athletes' mood state, generating negative alterations in the pre-menstrual period, especially in the last day of menstruation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Athletes , Menstrual Cycle/psychology , Emotions , Women/psychology , Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology , Mood Disorders/etiology , Brazil
20.
Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul ; 31(2): 120-127, 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-567010

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Traduzir para o português a Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM-17), escala que afere ritmo social, e realizar validação de conteúdo da versão produzida. Método: Foi utilizada uma adaptação do método para validação de instrumentos que compreendeu as seguintes etapas: preparação, tradução, conciliação, retrotradução, revisão da retrotradução, avaliação de clareza, revisão de resultados da avaliação de clareza e finalização, prova de leitura e relatório final. Resultados: A versão final brasileira manteve uma equivalência de itens com relação à primeira versão em inglês do instrumento original, incorporando melhorias. A transposição do instrumento alternativo criado pelo grupo de Cronobiologia Humana do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre (RS), para a SRM-17 não mostrou discrepâncias significativas e revelou que, embora essa escala seja um instrumento genérico, é sensível às diferenças individuais quanto à aferição de ritmo social. A versão avaliada demonstrou um grau satisfatório de clareza e equivalência semântica. Conclusão: Este trabalho apresenta uma versão adaptada à realidade brasileira de um instrumento específico para aferir ritmo social. O processo de adaptação transcultural deve efetivar-se com estudos de validação do instrumento final em uma amostra maior da população, nos quais também poderão ser avaliadas as equivalências operacional, de medida e funcional.


Objectives: To translate the Social Rhythm Metric-17 (SRM-17), a scale that assesses social rhythm, into Portuguese and to validate the content of the Portuguese version. Methods: An adaptation of the method for validation of instruments was used and it included the following stages: preparation, translation, reconciliation, back translation, revision of back translation, comprehension assessment, review of the results of comprehension assessment and completion, proofreading, and final report. Results: The final Brazilian version has the same number of items as the first English version of the original instrument, and included some enhancements. The adaptation of the alternative instrument developed by the Human Chronobiology Group of Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil, to the SRM-17 did not show any significant discrepancies and revealed that, in spite of being a generic instrument, it is sensitive to the individual differences regarding the assessment of social rhythm. The Portuguese version showed a satisfactory level of understanding and semantic equivalence. Conclusion: A version of an instrument to assess social rhythm adapted to the Brazilian reality is presented in this study. The cross-cultural adaptation process must be completed by validation studies of the fi nal instrument in a larger population sample, which will also be able to evaluate the equivalences related to operation, measures, and functionality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Chronobiology Phenomena , Mental Disorders/classification , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/etiology , Mental Disorders/pathology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Validation Studies as Topic , Mood Disorders/complications , Mood Disorders/diagnosis , Mood Disorders/etiology , Mood Disorders/genetics , Mood Disorders/pathology , Mood Disorders/psychology
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